Liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet absorbance detection for measurement of levamisole in chicken tissues, eggs and plasma.
First Report of Anthelmintic Resistance in Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Goats in Romania. Determination of Levamisole in Sheep Muscle Tissue by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Photo Diode Array Detection. LC determination of the enantiomeric purity of levamisole using stationary phase with bonded naphthylethylcarbamoylated-b-cyclodextrin. Available online: (accessed on 9 September 2022).The expanded uncertainty was calculated using a spread factor of 2, which gives a confidence level of approximately 95% (thus, the true value is within the range of the obtained value ± the expanded uncertainty in 95% of cases). The values obtained for the extended uncertainty were between 26–36%. The result is reported as the value obtained ± the extended uncertainty. Quantification of measurement uncertainty was based on: fidelity studies, justice studies (bias), the identification and assessment of other contributions to uncertainty inadequately covered by fidelity and fairness studies. All these uncertainties were combined into a combined uncertainty, which by multiplying by a coverage factor, k, resulted in obtaining the extended uncertainty of the method. To estimate the measurement uncertainty, the sources of uncertainty acting on the result, having a significant influence on it, were taken into account. In turkeys 3 days after treatment, muscle levamisole residues were 10.7–13.8 μg/kg, kidney 12.7–15.6 μg/kg and fat 9.8–13.0 μg/kg. At 7 days after treatment, residues of muscle, kidney and fat were below the minimum detection limit of 2 μg/kg. Three days after treatment, two out of four muscle samples and all kidney and fat samples contained levamisole residues below 10 μg/kg. In chickens treated at the recommended dose, the residue disappeared rapidly from the tissues within 24 h. At 7 days, three out of four samples of muscle, kidney and fat contained residues below 10 μg/kg. In pigs, levamisole residues in the liver 5 days after treatment were below 100 μg/kg. At 21 days, residues of muscle, kidney, and fat were below the detection limit of the method (2 μg/kg). At 14 days, they were below 100 µg/kg in all analyzed tissues. In cattle, sheep and goats, at 7 days after treatment, the yeast residues in the liver samples were below 100/g/kg. The highest concentrations of levamisole residues were found in the liver in all species tested. Residue depletion was slower in turkeys than in chickens.
Residue depletion in chickens treated with levamisole was rapid, such that 3 days after treatment, the residues in all tissues were below the set limit. In pigs at 7 days, residues from all tissues were below the set limit value. We found that in cattle, sheep and goats at 7 days after treatment, the residues of levamisole in the liver and at 14 days and in the other tissues were below the established limit value. We studied the depletion of levamisole residues by high performance liquid chromatography with a mass spectrometer (limit of quantification 2 μg/kg) in the tissues of bovine, ovine, caprine, porcine and poultry (chickens and pigeons) after administration of levamisole (10 mg levamisole/kg body weight for cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and 20 mg levamisole/kg body weight for birds). In this paper, we set the waiting time for the elimination of levamisole residues at a safe level from tissues (muscles and organs) from animals treated with levamisole 10%-oral solution.
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